How Stress Affects Our Bodies, Minds, And Well Being

The term â€Å"stress†, as it is currently used was coined by Hans Selye in 1936, who defined it as the â€Å"non-specific response of the body to any demand for change (What is Stress?). In my opinion, stress is very relevant to psychologists because it shows them how it affects our bodies, minds, and well-being. By studying what stresses us and how we handle it, they are able to determine certain health effects and behaviors. Stress plays a big role in our lives because it mostly defines the way we approach situations, it determines the way we act, talk, and see things; everyone reacts to stress differently. After reading both â€Å"How to Predict Who Will Suffer the Most from Stress† and â€Å"Stress Changes How People Make Decisions†, I found myself being able to relate certain situations to my own personal and professional life. With the first article (How to Predict Who Will Suffer the Most from Stress) I can definitely agree that during the beginning of a term or semester, I feel more calm and enthusiastic about my classes. I am eager to learn and willing to do all my homework without thinking twice; I make sure to make enough time to finish all my coursework. With the pass of time though, with an ever changing retail schedule, I find myself stressing out more as final exams, milestones, and activities get closer to their deadline; also, I find myself procrastinating more than before which is terrible but part of my stress sometimes. This is something that in my opinion is easy to fixShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Exercise On Body s Physical Condition1247 Words   |  5 Pageshave a positive effect on our body’s physical condition, but what about our minds? Mental exercise, too, is influential on our bodies to decrease our stress levels. 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Essay and referencing Free Essays

The three communication theories I have applied to provide the most insight into understanding the dynamics of the observed conversation between two people are; the transmission model (Shannon Weaver 1949), Fuller’s ecological model (Fouler 2004), and an expanded model of communication (Munson 2012). In this essay I have used a conversation I had listened to which was between my friend (from here on will be named George) and his friend (from here on will be named Mark). Problems that arose during the conversation will be explained as well as how George and Mark overcame them. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay and referencing or any similar topic only for you Order Now From there the essay will compare and contrast the three communication theories and decide which of these best simplify the conversation. Complexities of the conversation I was asked by George to take him down to the pub to meet up with Mark for a couple of games of pool, whilst chatting over a cold beer. George is nearly completely illiterate due to him leaving school at the age of 12, moving to the Northern territory and working on a cattle farm up until the age of 19, where he then moved back to Lissome. Mark is completely deaf and has next to no ability to lip read (this I had not known until I met him). Both George and Mark do not know sign language of any kind. George and has learnt to use abbreviations in text messages, which is about the extent of his written language capabilities. Problems that arose George had been avoiding this meeting because he finds the conversations very difficult, and this usually leads to heated discussions, especially when the conversations centered on Mark’s granddaughter (which George has always had affectionate feelings for but never acted upon). Both George and Mark have their own perceptions on what is going on in her life, which has, and still causes either Mark or George to have expectations from the other, and creates selective perceptions (Withes 2009). This introduces psychological noise and detracts from the meanings of some of the messages in the conversation. A one way lack of tone and inflection in the voice to communicate feelings and emotions more clearly can provide misunderstanding in the meaning of some messages. Language barrier from non-literate to literate people poses the greatest barrier to messages both to and from each other. Feedback is restricted to kinesics emblems, regulators, and illustrators (De Vito 2001). George aged 2 and Mark aged 64 both have different educational backgrounds in which written communication differs. Text messaging or testing (Shaw et al. 2007) can be a major source of misinterpretation, though Mark has been using his mobile phone for some time now. This leads to the conclusion that this increases the communication abilities of how Mark can interact with George, though there is still the written language barrier between them (Kumara et al. 2011). How George and Mark overcome these problems The over emphasis of kinesics emblems, regulators, and illustrators (De Vito 2001) had o be used as feedback due to the lack of language being used by George. Facial expressions become very important for Mark and George to try to convey their own, and comprehend each other’s emotions, from understanding to frustration. Increased eye contact which would make most people more nervous and defensive (De Vito 2001) become a highly prized resource for feedback as well it had helped regulate the control of the conversation. Shannon and Weaver’s transmission model (Shannon Weaver 1949) seems to be the simplest model, and therefore maybe the est. for most situations; however, it lacks the detail in which the complexities of this particular conversation pose, and that need to be addressed, in particular the noise sources. Figure 1 : Transactional model (Source: Shannon Weaver 1949) Fuller’s ecological model is an elaboration of (Alleles 1948) model of â€Å"Who, says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect† (Fouler 2004) though it takes into account of the use of different languages using modern mediums. This model is an excellent model but focuses on more of the use of the language and the media it is conveyed in and to so much on person to person communications. Figure 2: An Ecological Model of the Communication (Source: Fouler 2004) Union’s expanded model of communication is more complex than Fuller’s as well as Shannon and Weaver’s models, though it is more appropriate to this conversation had between George and Mark due to the fact it shows that in order for the communication to happen the sender must pre-edit and then encode the message pass the message onto the receiver where he decodes and edits the message. Munson also takes into account the use of mechanical, behavioral and semantic actors of encoding, and understands that if the message is to be understood the receiver must be able to decode the message. This is particularly relevant, and highly important to this conversation between George and Mark due to the factors mentioned before. Context Figure 3: An expanded model of communication (Source: Munson 2012) Conclusion I have found Shannon and Weavers transactional model too simple and cannot evaluate the complexities of this situation, and that Fuller’s model too broad and not able to focus on the problems that need to be addressed. Therefore, I believe hat Union’s expanded model of communication is the most adequate to use out of the three models that were written about because Union’s model has shown how a message from George is first pre-edited (thoughts), then encoded (written on paper), passed on through noise (physical, psychological as well as expectations and selective perception), decoded by the receiver (reading Georges writing) and then finally edited to Mark’s own meaning and interpretation. This explains how there was some heated discussions in the past, and will continue to be so until they are able to actively listen’ to each other before they place their own selective perceptions and expectations on their conversation. How to cite Essay and referencing, Essays

Analyzing Concept free essay sample

I have been raised with cats all of my life but we never had a cat neuter or spayed. If one of our cats had kittens then we are responsible for taking care of them and we always managed to either raise them outdoors or find a home for them. Now that I’m raising a male cat indoors it’s a different view for me. I have notice 3 to 4 cats with collars on outside of my apartment complex that roam all day and night looking for food or mates and no one is taking care of them. The problem with the population of stray and homeless cats is overwhelming. Pet owners need to be aware of the benefits and consequences of mandatory spaying and neutering to help decrease the number of cats in this world, there are many facts that can be beneficial in having your cat neutered. Our pets can be healthier, have better behavior, and a decrease in the homeless cats and unnecessary mercy killings. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing Concept or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We should find ways to let a person know and understand the benefits of neutering so they can share with friends, family, neighbors, and anyone they know who has pets. The lack of education, and misconceptions of neutering their cats and dogs is what stands in the way of people getting their pets neutered. Did you know one female cat and her offspring can produce 420,000 cats in 7 years but what’s truly sad is that six to eight million cats who enter shelters each year. Of those, three to four million cats are destroyed. (Maroff, M. 2009). Sandie (my cat) has his appointment set for his neutering procedure this month even if he’s an indoor cat I have learned that it will help reduce the risks of UTI (urinary tract infections) and prevents prostate and testicular cancer, and greatly reduces his risk for perianal tumors. PAWS, 2012). Having your cats neutered also decreases the tendency to spray or mark territory with urine. Which to me that would be the main reason pet owners should have their cat go through this procedure. A misconception that cat owners might have is having your pet neutered will produce a fat and lazy cat however overfeeding and lack of exercise is what makes a fat and lazy cat. Getting this procedure for your cat is considered a safe and routine surger y and recovery time is within a day or two. In the US there are free or low-cost spay/neuter clinics in your community. There should be no logical reason to not have your pet fixed. Most owners who breed purebreds are searching for profit when it comes to their pets but with this economy it’s useless. Not to mention an irresponsible one, considering all of the innocent animals that end up homeless and/or destroyed in overcrowded shelters. The neutering procedures can safely be performed when your cat is at a young age or even later it does not harm the cat. The American Humane Association  (AHA) is a strong advocate of juvenile or pediatric spay/neuter since it is both healthy for pets and effectively reduces pet overpopulation. (AHA, 2011). Neutering of male cats will prevent certain undesirable behaviors, urine marking, humping, male aggression and the urge to want to roam in search of female cats as for spaying your female cat it will eliminate the constant crying and nervous pacing when she’s in heat. Getting your pets fixed will also generally help them to get along with each other and they will live a happier, healthier, longer life. In California, a mandatory spay and neuter law is in effect and requires owners to license their pets, shelters must spay and neuter before adoptions can occur, and requires breeders to pay fees for permits and limits their number of litters per year. (Bockman, 2008). If a pet owner is having problems with their cat they should talk to their Vet about their cat’s behavior and health. Problem cats should be neutered; this recommendation comes from The University of California no matter how old or young the cat maybe. (Norman,W. , n. d. ). Our local shelters do try their best to place animals in loving homes, but homeless cats and dogs out number the willing adopters. So most of the loving and healthy animals in our community must be euthanized as the only humane solution for this dilemma. Only spaying and neutering can end the overpopulation problem of cats and dogs in our community.